Reimbursement Methodologies free essay sample

The Blue Cross arrangement has been developing since 1929 and the Blue Shield since 1939. 3. Clarify why the absence of widespread human services inclusion can raise social insurance costs. Numerous investigations have show that individuals without medical coverage don't get the human services they need. The more ailing they become, the more tests, medical procedures, and other social insurance administrations they need. This situation expands expenses to the social insurance industry. In the event that general wellbeing is improved, at that point the populace gets more beneficial and medicinal services expenses should diminish. A decent activity to advance toward a solid populace is the Healthy People 2010 program. 1. You work in the hospital’s wellbeing data the executives office. An aspect of your responsibilities is to help the clinical inhabitants with finishing records documentation. One of the inhabitants whines that he doesn’t comprehend why insurance agencies need so much documentation and the repayment framework is so intricate. How would you react. So as to serve the patient and help to give quality consideration, it is imperative to have a total and exact clinical record. We will compose a custom paper test on Repayment Methodologies or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Keeping records total and exact will help in making sense of repayment costs and finding what expenses are secured. It is additionally critical to monitor all administrations and supplies with the goal that the emergency clinic can be repaid. 2. Mary was getting Medicaid in Texas. When she moves to California, would mary be able to expect that she’ll get a similar inclusion there? Medicaid arrangements on qualification administrations and installments are perplexing and extensively from state to state. Accordingly, Mary may not be qualified in California despite the fact that she was in Texas. 3. Look at purpose of-administration (POS) plans with wellbeing support organization(HMO) plans. In a HMO plan, the safeguarded must pick an essential consideration doctor and afterward should get a referral to look for care from a claim to fame doctor. In a POS plan the protected picks an essential consideration doctor yet at the same time has the alternative of getting care from different doctors without the requirement for a referral. POS consolidates the highlights with thos of the PPO. 4. You’re an inpatient coder in a medical clinic. You’ve just coded a Medicare Part A record with an analysis related gathering (DRG) repayment of $12,000. You notice in the hospital’s PC charging framework that the patient’s charges are $19,500. That’s $7,500 more than the clinic will be repaid. How does the distinction between the charges and the DRG repayment become settled? At times, the DRG installment got by the emergency clinic might be lower than the real expense of giving Medicare Part An inpatient administrations. In these cases, the clinic must ingest the misfortune. 5. You work in a physician’s office performing charging. You notice that rules haven’t been followed precisely in finishing the case structure. What will occur in the event that you don’t right the case structure? It is imperative to follow payer rules while finishing a case structure; in any case, repayment will be postponed until the structure is rectified. 6. For what reason did the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) execute the National Correct Coding Initiative in 1996? CMS executed the National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) in 1996 to create right coding systems to improve the proper installment of Medicare Part B claims. 7. Show a portion of the hazard zones that can be distinguished through the inspecting procedure. A portion of the hazard regions found through the inspecting procedure are, DRG coding exactness, varieties on the off chance that blend, release status (moves versus releases), administrations gave under game plan, clinical need, assessment and the board administrations, charge ace depiction and multi day installment window are a couple. . You’re a HMO executive. You might want to guarantee that your oversaw care plan is satisfying industry guidelines. What’s one way that you can do this? One approach to guarantee an oversaw care plan is satisfying industry guidelines is to include HEDIS (Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set) through the National Committee for Quality Assurance. 9. You work for an outsider p ayer performing clinical records survey. Your main responsibility is to coordinate codes that were submitted on the case to documentation in the clinical record.

Womens Anti-Pass Law Campaigns in South Africa

Ladies' Anti-Pass Law Campaigns in South Africa The primary endeavor to make dark ladies in South Africa convey passes was in 1913 when the Orange Free State presented another prerequisite that ladies, notwithstanding existing guidelines for dark men, must convey reference reports. The subsequent dissent, by a multi-racial gathering of ladies, a considerable lot of whom were experts (countless instructors, for instance) appeared as uninvolved obstruction - a refusal to convey the new passes. A large number of these ladies were supporters of the as of late framed South African Native National Congress (which turned into the African National Congress in 1923, despite the fact that ladies were not permitted to turn out to be full individuals until 1943). The dissent against goes spread through the Orange Free State, to the degree that when World War I broke out, the specialists consented to loosen up the standard. Toward the finish of World War I, the experts in the Orange Free State attempted to re-instate the necessity, and again restriction developed. The Bantu Womens League (which turned into the ANC Womans League in 1948 - a couple of years after participation of the ANC was opened to ladies), sorted out by its first president Charlotte Maxeke, facilitated further inactive opposition during late 1918 and mid 1919. By 1922 they had made progress - the South African government concurred that ladies ought not be obliged to convey passes. In any case, the administration despite everything figured out how to present enactment which reduced the privileges of ladies and the Native (Black) Urban Areas Act No 21 of 1923 broadened the current pass framework with the end goal that the main dark ladies permitted to live in urban zones were residential specialists. In 1930 nearby civil endeavors in Potchefstroom to manage womens development prompted further obstruction - this was that year that white ladies acquired democratic rights in South Africa. White ladies currently had an open face and a political voice, of which activists, for example, Helen Joseph and Helen Suzman exploited. Presentation of Passes for All Blacks With the Blacks (Abolition of Passes and Co-appointment of Documents) Act No 67 of 1952 the South African government altered the pass laws, requiring every single dark individual beyond 16 a years old all regions to convey a reference book consistently - in this way inforcing convergence control of blacks from the countries. The new reference book, which would now must be conveyed by ladies, required a businesses mark to be restored every month, approval to be inside specific territories, and accreditation of duty installments. During the 1950s ladies inside the Congress Alliance met up to battle the innate sexism that existed inside different enemy of Aparthied gatherings, for example, the ANC. Lilian Ngoyi (an exchange unionist and political dissident), Helen Joseph, Albertina Sisulu, Sophia Williams-De Bruyn, and others framed the Federation of South African Women. The prime focal point of the FSAW before long changed, and in 1956, with the participation of the ANCs Womens League, they sorted out a mass exhibit against the new pass laws. Womens Anti-Pass March on the Union Buildings, Pretoria On 9 August 1956 more than 20,000 ladies, all things considered, walked through the boulevards of Pretoria to the Union Buildings to hand over a request to JG Strijdom, South Africas executive, over the presentation of the new pass laws and the Group Areas Act No 41 of 1950. This demonstration implemented diverse local locations for various races and prompted constrained expulsions of individuals living in wrong territories. Strijdom had orchestrated to be somewhere else, and the request was in the long run acknowledged by his Secretary. During the walk the ladies sang an opportunity tune: Wathint abafazi, Strijdom! wathint abafazi,wathint imbokodo,uza kufa! [When] you strike the women,you strike a rock,you will be squashed [you will die]! Despite the fact that the 1950s end up being the tallness of detached opposition against Apartheid in South Africa, it was to a great extent disregarded by the Apartheid government. Further fights against goes (for the two people) finished in the Sharpeville Massacre. Pass laws were at long last revoked in 1986. The expression wathint abafazi, wathint imbokodo has come to speak to womens mental fortitude and quality in South Africa.

Franks Landing Essay -- Sociology, The Nisqually Culture

Angling and chasing have been at the center of numerous American Indian societies like the Nisqually since precontact. Indian chasing, angling and assembling were led thenâ€as they are nowâ€not for sport, yet for food and for an employment. This was surely known by the early homesteaders and later by the U.S. government. In this manner, huge numbers of the arrangements (e.g., Medicine Creek, 1854) haggled between the central government and Indian clans in the nineteenth century contained arrangements ensuring rights to chase and fish. In the treaâ ¬ty haggled by Isaac Stevens, the clan surrendered to the U.S. a portion of the Nisqually vilâ ¬lages and prairies, yet Article Three claimed the tribe’s authority to angle â€Å"at all standard and acclimated grounds and stations†¦in basic with all residents of the Territory.† (FL 12) But the development of the European American populace, and with it the expansion of fenced lands, the demolition of normal living space, and frequently the devastation of untamed life itself, radically abridged the Indians' capacity to carry on these exercises. Charles Wilkinson’s postulation proclaims that the â€Å"messages from Frank’s Landing† are â€Å"messages about ourselves, about the common world, about social orders past, about this general public, and about social orders to come.† (FL 6) Billy lovingly portrayed his country (the key segment of â€Å"peoplehood† i.e., the Nisqually watershed on South Puget Sound of the Nisqually River, brooks (Muck Creek), moving prairie and forestland just as the lower regions of the Cascades Mountains and Mt Rainier) as â€Å"a enchanted place† where his family â€Å"never wanted for anything: fish from the waterâ ¬shed, vegetables up on the prairie, prescriptions, shellfish, and huckleberries†¦clean water, clean air.† He depicts the appearance of L... ...s favored by them or by the state.† In 1974 Judge Boldt decided that a â€Å"fair share† implied Indian fishers are qualified for (half) of the harvestable catch of salmon. (FL 50) After a transient negative kickback, the drawn out outcome has been participation between administrative, state and ancestral governments over fish harvests and asset the board since the U.S. Incomparable Court maintained the Boldt choice in U.S. v. Washington (1980). (FL 50) Billy’s duty to his customary lifestyle didn't end with the shocking Boldt choice. (FL 56)He became administrator of the Northâ ¬west Indian Fisheries Commission so as to â€Å"speak for the salmon† in the interest of settlement clans in Western Washington. Under his authority, and through his remarkable aptitudes as a moderator, the clans increased a notoriety for being superb in their capacities as regular asset supervisors.

Essay On The Intrinsic Flaws Inherent In Christianity (1461 words) Essay Example For Students

Exposition On The Intrinsic Flaws Inherent In Christianity (1461 words) Essay Exposition on the Intrinsic Flaws Inherent in ChristianityChristianity is a religion where occasions are professed to have occured however which can never be demonstrated. The individuals who practice it live by unexpected ethics in comparison to are lectured by the most blessed writings. It is a foundation wherein the most heavenly sacred writing is opposing, and wherein the preeminent being, by the very definition, can't exist. Christianity is, in this manner, an in a general sense defective religion. As indicated by the Bible, occasions have occured which are significantly more extraordinary than the resurection of Jesus Christ. Occasions, for example, the halting of the sun by (Joshua 10:12-14), the inversion of the suns course by (Isaiah 38:7-8) , the revival of the holy people, and their ensuing appearance to many (Matthew 27:52-53) were seen by a huge number of individuals. The halting and inversion of the sun would have been obvious around the world. The possibility that individuals could have seen these occasions without having been astounded by them is, basically, over the top. Different societies having seen this would surely have offered their own clarifications with regards to their own social and strict convictions. Clearly a general public existing at the time would have recorded this inexplicable occasion. However no place have such works been found. In the example of the revival of the holy people, Matthew is the main individual to make reference to this occurence in the Bible. Clearly other first-century Christians would have utilized this as additional verification of Jesus divinty. It would tumble to reason that Paul and the accounts would have referenced it. This isn't, in any case, the case. No place else in the Bible is this referenced or even alluded to. These occasions are at that point, best case scenario, exceptionally far-fetched to have occured. The way that Matthew is separated from everyone else recorded as a hard copy of the revival of the holy people persuades that specific journalists of the Bible had contrasting perspectives on christianity. The christian Bible is profoundly opposing, to current christian convictions, however all by itself. Todays society is of the conviction that all individuals are made equivalent, and Christians present that their god is of a similar conviction. Present day Christians accept that their god adores everybody, and that they are largely equivalent. Notwithstanding, after Adam and Eve had eaten from the tree taboo by god, this god said to Eve I will heighten the aches of your childbearing; in torment will you deliver youngsters. However your desire will be for your better half, and he will be your lord. (Beginning 3:16). This discloses to us that, as per the Christian religion, ladies will normally be commanded by men. This sort of conduct isn't helpful for a being who has confidence in inalienable fairness. Ladies are repeadtedly treated as items and advised to be accommodating in the Bible. As indicated by the standard saw in all the congregations of adherents, ladies should keep quiet in such get-togethers. Or maybe, as the law shows, accommodation is shown for them. In the event that they need to pick up anything, they ought to ask their spouses at home. It is a disrespect when a lady talks in the gathering. (1 Corinthians 14:34-35). Man was not produced using lady however lady from man. Nor was man made for lady however lady for man. Therefore, a lady should have an indication of accommodation on her head. (1 Corinthians 11:8-10). The Bible additionally allows subjugation. Slaves, male and female, you may for sure have, if you get them from among neighboring the countries. You may likewise get them from among the outsiders who live with you and from their youngsters who are brought up in their territory. Such slaves you may possess as belongings, and leave to your children as their genetic property, making them ceaseless slaves. (Leviticus 25:44-46). This equivalent Bible gives laws on the discipline of slaves. .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611 , .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611 .postImageUrl , .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611 , .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611:hover , .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611:visited , .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611:active { border:0!important; } .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611:active , .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: re lative; } .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: strong; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ucfcdb790dc2d07a2bc093be9089bc611:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: A Tale of Two CitiesCharacter Development Essay When a man hits his slave with a bar so hard that the slave passes on under his hand, he will be rebuffed. Assuming, in any case, the slave makes due for a day or two, he isn't to be rebuffed, since the slave is his own property. (Mass migration 21:20-21) We find further instances of bias in Deuteronomy. In the Bible, it is expressed that No one whose gonads have been squashed or whose penis has been cut off might be conceded into the network of the Lord. No offspring of a ncestuous or two-timing association might be conceded into the network of the Lord, nor any relative of his even to the tenth era. (Deuteronomy 23:2-3). Think about the main explanation. On the off chance that a dependable Christian were to get in a car crash with a subsequent physical issue to his privates, he would not be conceded into Heaven. The subsequent proclamation is much more crazy than the first. A blameless kid, through no shortcoming of its own, is brought into the world a charlatan. He may not be conceded into paradise. Be that as it may, more than that, none of his relatives may ever be conceded. These are not attributes which are typically connected with equity and goodness. These are negligible, pitiless activities. This isn't the main error in the christian Bible. Judahs girl in-law, Tamar, is said to have been a whore (Genesis 38:24). In view of her harlotry, she got pregnant (Genesis 38:25). She had twins and named them Perez and Zerah. These are the relatives of Perez: Perez was the dad of Hezron, Hezron was the dad of Ram, Ram was the dad of Amminibad, Amminibad was the dad of Nahshon, Nahshon was the dad of Salmon, Salmon was the dad of Boaz, Boaz was the dad of Obed, Obed was the dad of Jesse, and Jesse turned into the dad of David. (Ruth 4:18-22). Accordingly David, King of Israel, was a relative of a charlatan and along these lines ought not have been permitted into the network the Lord. This is an immense logical inconsistency, as David is such a significant figure in the book of scriptures. The logical inconsistency including David could not hope to compare, be that as it may, to the one of the very meaning of a preeminent being. In Christianity, Christ is focal in giving penance for the transgressions of humankind. Had there been no transgressions of humanity, there would be no account of Christ. The idea of wrongdoing must at that point accordingly be dissected. It is acknowledged by Christians that god made everything. On the off chance that this is valid, at that point this equivalent god made shrewdness. It is written in the Bible that god is all-knowing (1 John 3:20). God is, as a result, omniscient. On the off chance that god is omniscient and makes, he at that point knows every single imaginable result of every conceivable making of every conceivable universe. On the off chance that he made our universe, he picked what its predetermination would be. In doing as such, he picked the ways of our lives. Hence, we can infer that the universe is totally deterministic to god and, by being a maker, he can't permit freewill to exist except if the universe is not, at this point foreordained to him. On the off chance that this is valid, at that point mankind is simply an assortment of automotons. On the off chance that this isn't false, at that point god can't be omniscient. On the off chance that the Christian god were omniscient, at that point he could anticipate his own future. In the event that this being knows its own future, he doesn't have the ability to transform it. Considering, in any case, that god is transcendent, there is a significant clash with his omniscient nature. In the event that god had the option to change his future, that would imply that god would not have the option to anticipate when he would roll out unexpected improvements in his future and what changes would result, dispensing with the chance of his being omniscient. .u0253f5d523ea28c9e55936ce4d37fde6 , .u0253f5d523ea28c9e55936ce4d37fde6 .postImageUrl , .u0253f5d523ea28c9e55936ce4d37fde6 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u0253f5d523ea28c9e55936ce4d37fde6 , .u0253f5d523ea28c9e55936ce4d37fde6:hover , .u0253f5d523ea28c9e55936ce4d3

The Change of Video From Analog to the Digital Free Essays

DVD is an energizing new innovation in light of the accompanying advantages: as long as nine hours of studio-quality video and numerous channel encompass sound concurrent numerous language backing and intuitiveness other advanced video conveyance frameworks, including direct communicate satellite, remote link and computerized link Advanced video changes all parts of video creation. As yet video has been recorded and transmitted as simple electrical framework. Simple video transmitters and collectors can be constructed economically however are over the top expensive to transmit and store. We will compose a custom paper test on The Change of Video From Analog to the Digital or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Additionally, todayâ ¡s solid advanced PCs can't process simple signs, so simple data can't be handily looked, arranged or altered. The difference in video from the simple to the advanced area makes a huge difference. Advanced video can be put away and appropriated more reasonably than simple, and computerized video can be put away on arbitrarily open media, for example, an attractive plate drive (hard circles), and optical plate media (CDs). At the point when put away on haphazardly open media, video can be utilized in different applications, for example, games, instruction, preparing, and different applications. Indeed, even motion pictures can get intelligent, permitting watchers to choose their perspective, a plot way and the completion. Advanced video additionally fundamentally expands transmission effectiveness with the goal that interchanges systems, everything from TV frameworks to media transmission satellites, can convey from six to multiple times a greater number of stations of video programming than was conceivable previously, in this manner offering more customer decision. The capacity to transmit video over the open telephone system will likewise permit video conferencing, quickening the work at home development that is changing the manner in which individuals are utilized. DVDs can hold 4.7 to 17 billion bytes of advanced information on a 120-mm (4.75 inch) plate. This can mean as long as nine hours of studio quality video and multi-channel encompass sound, profoundly intuitive mixed media PC programs, 30 hours of CD-quality sound, or whatever else that can be spoken to as advanced information. A DVD resembles a CD. It is a gleaming platter, 4.75 crawls in distance across with an opening in the inside. Information is recorded on the plate in a winding path of little pits, and the circles are perused utilizing a laser shaft. DVDs hold more data on the grounds that the pits are littler and the winding is more tightly and can record information in upwards of four layers, two on each side of the circle. Lasers that have a shorter frequency light emission are progressively precise pointing and centering systems. These are utilized to peruse the DVDs. Truth be told, the centering system is the innovation that permits information to be recorded in two layers. To peruse the subsequent layer, the peruser centers the laser more profound into the plate, where the second layer of information is recorded. Not exclusively are two-layer plates conceivable, yet twofold sided too. This capacity of four layers gives DVD its 17 gigabyte limit. Since a 135-minute film fits on a solitary DVD layer be that as it may, single-layer DVDs will be the most widely recognized. Philips was established in 1891 by Gerald Philips in Eindhoven, the Netherlands as a producer of glowing lights and different hardware. From its little start, Philips has risen as one of todayâ ¡s worldwide pioneers in hardware. As a thirty-nine billion-dollar organization, Philips effectively contends in a wide scope of business sectors, for example, purchaser items, lighting, semiconductors, proficient items and frameworks. Philips at present has a workforce of more than 250,000. The organization has 243 creation offices dispersed all through twenty-five nations. Philips sells and administrations its items in 150 nations and their stock is exchanged 16 stock trades in nine nations. The organization by and by has seven distinctive item divisions and one hundred organizations in esteem based serious investigation. Philips positioned first worldwide in lighting, shading picture cylinders, shavers, and transcription gear. They are second in laser optics and screens. The organization is third among customer gadgets and clinical envisioning gear. To keep up administration in worldwide markets through advancement, Philips reinvests 5.3% of its deals into innovative work and has inquire about research facilities in six nations. Through its dedication in investigate, Philips has thought of in any event ten thousand developments in field of optical account, computerized sound coding, advanced video coding and portable communication. The organization is a holder of 60,000 licenses and configuration rights and just about 30,000 trademarks enrollments. Philips has key licenses in optical account (CD-Audio, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-Video, DVD-ROM), computerized sound coding (MPEG-2 sound pressure) and portable communication (GMS and CDMA). Philips Magnavox was shaped in 1974 when the two organizations chose to unite. Alongside the Philips brand, there are a few other name brands including, however not restricted to, Marantz and Norelco. Philips Magnavox discharged the DVD400AT video player on April 30, 1997 at a retail cost of $549. The new gadget takes into account more extravagant sound and video quality that was found  ¡V up to that point  ¡V just in cinemas. In 1960 Akio Morita started Sonyâ ¡s first major abroad endeavor in the United States in New York City with a capital venture of $500,000. They utilized six individuals at first yet would develop into perhaps the biggest segment of Sonyâ ¡s overall tasks. Right now, Sony Electronics, Inc. in North America has 33% of Sonyâ ¡s corporate resources around the world. They are the biggest land activity of the partnership. They rake in some $9.6 billion deals on a given year and generally $1.3 billion in trades. The North American plants utilize an aggregate of 24,000 individuals whose activity run from assembling to client care to innovative work and advertising and deals. During the 1995 Consumer Electronics appear, Sony appeared the principal model DVD player in the United States. On January 8, 1997, Sony Electronics discharged their first DVD player at a retail cost of about $1,000  ¡V a major contrast from todayâ ¡s $400 sticker price. John Briesch, President of Sony Electronics A/V Group stated,  ¡Ã‚ §We have structured our first DVD player, model DVP-S7000, as a top of the line item to convey reference-standard DVD video quality, however best in class CD sound as well.â ¡ Panasonic brought its first items into the U.S. advertise in 1961. The organizer of its parent organization  ¡V Matsushita Electric Industrial Company Co.  ¡V Konosuke Matsushita accepted that  ¡Ã‚ §Matsushita makes individuals before it makes products.â ¡ He essentially accepted that esteeming representatives initially would prompt better quality items. It appears that his replacements have completed his vision on the grounds that Panasonic keeps on selling great items in the U.S. furthermore, abroad. The organization at present utilizes 19,500 individuals in production lines, deals organizations, administration focuses and inquire about offices in the U.S., Puerto Rico, Mexico and Canada. Divx is the most recent innovation to change DVD players. Divx films are interchangeable with film rentals in the sense they can be seen for a set timeframe (48 hours from the hour of the underlying playing). In contrast to conventional film rentals, Divx doesnâ ¡t have any late charges attached to the cost. Also, there are no late night outings to the video store to bring motion pictures back. A Divx film costs a normal of $4.50, which incorporates an underlying survey time of forty-eight hours from the hour of squeezing the play button. After that time is up, an extra forty-eight hours can be bought for $3.25. It is done through the inward modem to a 800 number and data is transferred back to the CD on an exceptionally little chip. This can be rehashed as frequently as the client likes. Additionally, an individual may choose a film on Divx merits looking out for and over. During this case, a Dixv can be changed over into a film that has boundless playing time and resembles a normal DVD film. Innovative and social/social movements: With the coming of the DVD, an ever increasing number of information can be put away on a solitary plate. Furthermore, the DVD is unmistakably more intelligent than the conventional VHS tape. For instance, on a DVD at least two dialects can be put away. That couldnâ ¡t occur on a VHS tape in view of restricting account time. Moreover, individuals donâ ¡t need to go out to watch a DVD. With the crisis of web based business on the Internet an individual can arrange a film off of the web and have it conveyed to the front entryway inside days. This detracts from the social communication with individuals that happens in a store setting. Individuals can utilize the DVD to become familiar with another dialect. Take for example a DVD that has genius French-Canadian Celine Dion singing her different melodies. One alternative in the program is to change the verses that are shown on the screen to French. As Celine Dion sings in English, the words coordinating up to what she is singing are shown on the base of the screen. This is a fantastic method to become familiar with another dialect. There are a wide range of ways that are currently being created to copyright ensure the films, projects and recordings and so forth that are on the new DVDs. The three most basic ways that were seen as utilized as of now to ensure DVDs are: Regional coding, Content scrambling framework and the Copy age the board framework (CGMS). At the point when you purchase your first DVD drive and introduce it, you currently need to enter the zone in which you live. The world is separated into six areas, with Canada and the United States as zone 1. The DVD circle additionally has its own codes that permit it to be played in specific pieces of the world and not in others. This powers individuals that purchase DVD circles in Zone 1 to likewise need to use plates that are coded for Zone 1. This forbids films that are delivered in different Zones from being utilized where they ought not be. The code ca

Unboxing Argumentative Essay 256 topics + Help Links

Argumentative Essay Writing Prompts: 256 Argumentative Essay Topics and Help Links Argumentative essay is one of the most common assignments in high school and beyond. Students usually develop an argument and discuss topics that were provided by the lecturers, but there always comes the time when you have to select a title yourself. Choosing a topic doesn’t have to be difficult, you can easily do it with this guide. How to choose an argumentative essay topic? Having the freedom to choose a topic is what every student wants. At some point, you just want to write something you really want to discuss. When the time comes many students feel nervous and aren’t sure what topic to go for. Don’t worry; it’s perfectly okay to be nervous. In order to choose an argumentative essay topic on your own, try to follow these tips: Hot topic – the easiest way to choose an argumentative essay topic is to take a look at news websites and other web portals. There’s always one (or more) hot topic you can discuss Passion – each individual is passionate about something. Take a few moments to think about your passions, write them down, and decide which one you’ll discuss in an argumentative essay Don’t play it safe – a common mistake that many students repeat is playing it safe all the time. Once you sharpen the essay writing skills feel free to dip your toes outside the comfort zone. For example, you can discuss topics that seem controversial, not just those that everyone else writes about Make it specific – choosing an area of interest e.g. abortion is one thing, but your topic shouldn’t be that vague. Abortion is a broad term with plenty of things to discuss. If you don’t make the topic precise, the entire writing process will get frustrating. For example, you can choose to write about the future of abortion among young adults under Trump administration Debatable – the whole point of the argumentative essay is to take a stand and defend your argument. That means the topic should be debatable, not a generally accepted fact Related to the class/lecture – yet another easy way to choose a topic is to write about a subject that is related to your class or lecture. That way you can demonstrate your knowledge of the subject and let your professor (or teacher) know you’re passionate about it Good argumentative essay topics Abortion should be illegal because it’s murder Abortion should be legal: women have the right to do with their body what they want Anti-smoking campaigns are ineffective Are law enforcement cameras a violation of public privacy Are online product reviews trustworthy Can hybrid cars save our planet Democrats would have won the US election if Hillary Clinton weren’t their candidate Did Shakespeare plagiarize his most popular works Do men and women need equal pay if males work more days on average than female workers Has diplomatic immunity been abused Is China ahead economy and technology-wise compared to the US Is it time to change Miranda laws Is privacy more important than national security Should electoral process in the US change Should medical treatments be free for all Sibling bullying leads to psychotic disorders Interesting argumentative essay topics At what age should children be allowed to own a smartphone Helicopter parenting harms the kids Does media invent scandals to frighten the public Should TV shows and movies be more diverse Lack of bias in the media associated with fake news Are teens too exposed to sex-related content on TV What we can learn from video games Do immigrants need more rights Can a woman and a man be just friends Should Dreamers be allowed to stay in the US The wall on border with Mexico won’t fix anything Should the UK return ancient artifacts to Egypt Are drug tests at work violation of privacy Cloning of both humans and animals is unethical Should prostitution be legal

College Application Help

College Application Help May 30 The time for college application help is now during the summer months. Its not minutes before the admissions deadlines (photo credit: Andreas Praefcke). For rising high school seniors, the time for college application help is now. Its not in the final days of October if youre applying through an Early Decision or Early Action admissions policy. Its not on New Years Eve if youre applying in the Regular Decision admissions round (though we encourage all of our students to apply in the Early Decision or Early Action rounds since the odds of admission are much more favorable in the earlier rounds). How a student spends his or her summer will be vitally important during the highly selective admissions process. Fancy summer enrichment programs at elite universities, service trips in Nicaragua, and travel across the European continent are all examples of activities we strongly discourage our students at Ivy Coach from doing. And thats why its important to come to us now so that we can help you shape precisely how to make the most of your summer from a highly selective college admissions standpoint. And now is also the time to start working on college applications. Not later. Thats right. The time is now to start with those cumbersome college applications and the many supplemental admissions essays that go with them. It is imperative that students get great  grades in the fall of their senior years so why would they want to be distracted with the college applications they have to complete? The summer right after school ends is the time to dive in and get these knocked out. This way, by the time school starts up again, these students will  be all done, while their peers will be all stressed out. Who needs that stress. Get it out of the way. No need to procrastinate. If youre interested in planning out your summer before senior year (or if youre a younger student, those summers matter a whole lot, too) and if youre going to need college application help (you sure will!), we recommend that you sign up for a free consultation with us today. And dont wait until those deadlines are right around the corner. That would be a very silly thing to do and yet, without fail, so many students do this each and every year.

Concept Attainment Model Of Teaching Essay - 2008 Words

In the following pages a few models of teaching are described in greater detail. For this purpose only following models have been selected. 1. Concept Attainment Model. 2. Enquiry Training Model. 3. Advance Organizers Model. 4. Operant Conditioning Model of Teaching. 5. Glaser Basic Teaching Model. 6. Computer-Based teaching Model 1. THE CO -CEPT ATTAINMENT MODEL This is a Concept Attainment Model which is derived from the cognitive processes which are used by human beings in collecting and organizing information. The process was studied over several years by Bruner, Good now and Austin (1956). These are the processes, which the people use for forming concepts of categories or concepts, which enable them to describe things or relationships. These categories or concepts make it possible to manipulate the confusing world†. There are certain definite advantages of concepts or categories thus formed. Firstly, they reduce the complexity of the environment; secondly, they enable us to identify objects in the world; thirdly, they reduce the necessity of constant learning; fourthly, they give us direction for activity, i. e., what we should do in a given situation. The process of categorization is known as the process of concept attainment. This isthe process by which we discriminate the attributes of things, people, events andplaces and put th em into categories. There are three types of concepts: (i) conjunctive e, when the category is defined by the joint presence of severalShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Teaching Critical Thinking Skills1318 Words   |  6 Pagesvariety in the presentation of lessons. It also lends itself well to preparing for mandated testing. â€Æ' TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN THE CLASSROOM 3 Teaching Critical-Thinking Skills in the Classroom When a person speaks of being â€Å"critical† today, it is often thought of as a negative thing. What many people don’t realize is that thinking critically is how we determine right from wrong, or something as simple as which fruit to purchase at the supermarket. We draw uponRead MoreTeaching : Teaching Critical Thinking Skills1448 Words   |  6 Pages Running Head: TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN THE CLASSROOM 1 Teaching Critical Thinking Skills in the Classroom Patty J. Watson Lindenwood University â€Æ' TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN THE CLASSROOM 2 Abstract This paper discusses the planning and execution of the concept-attainment strategy of teaching. The strategy has been found to be useful at all age levels and across all subject areas. The use of this strategy isRead MoreAnalysis Of Glaser S Basic Teactiing Model Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesGLASER S BASIC TEACTIING MODEL In the language of DeCecco and Crawford (p.8) this is said to be a stripped-down teaching model which probably means a strategy of teaching which splits the whole process of teaching-learning into its basic component parts and directs how they should be managed separately and in relation to one another. The model was developed by Robert Glaser (1962). It views teaching-learning as a system composed of four basic parts each having its own specific function and allRead MoreMaternal Role : Becoming A Mother1743 Words   |  7 PagesMaternal Role Attainment- Becoming a Mother: Ramona T. Mercer Ramona T. Mercer has been an influential theorist; whose middle range theory has been implemented in nursing more focused on maternity and child. (Masters, 2015 p.284) Keeping in mind that this is a middle range theory it maintains the variables to a minimum and its application to the real world allows its concept to be tested. This theory emphasizes on the interaction and evolving process of a mother and her new infant and the role theyRead MoreThe Legacy Of Imogene King1469 Words   |  6 Pages1990, King retired with the title Professor Emeritus. In addition to producing theories she has made several accomplishments. She died on December 24, 2007 (Nursing Theory, 2013). In the early 1960’s, King introduced her mid-range Theory of Goal Attainment. King was challenged by her Philosophy professor with the question, â€Å"How do you define the nursing act?† She pursued to answer the question and was led to reading courses that brought her to the Literature Systems Analysis and General Systems TheoryRead MoreThe Role Of Gender Challenging Role Models1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of gender challenging role models in the classroom is a method I am going to use during my final professional practice and during my year as a Newly Qualified Teacher (NQT). I am going to use these demonstrate to both girls and boys that the media depiction of success is not accurate and that success can be measured in various ways. Role models such as Marie Curie, Dian Fossey and Mary Anning are good historical figures to use but children could see these as dull despite their achievementsRead MoreFactor 3 : Teacher Communication994 Words   |  4 Pageswithin my teaching I have high aspirations for the learners and encourage them to succeed. This is shown within my teaching and planning as I display enthusiasm towards challenging tasks. This inspires students and accelerates students learning. It has been proven that teacher led sessions lowers learners achievements and it is best to deploy an appropriate range of communicative strategies to engage all students. (Ofsted, 2013) Through my development as a teacher I have used 3 main models of communication;Read MoreTeaching And Planning For Motivation And Learner Satisfaction988 Words   |  4 PagesWithin my teaching I have high aspirations for the learners and encourage them to succeed. This is shown within my teaching and planning as I display enthusiasm towards challenging tasks. This aspires students to stimulate and accelerate students learning. It has been proven that teacher led sessions demotes leaners achievements and it is best to deploy appropriate range of communicative strategies to engage students. (Ofsted, 2013) Within my development as a teacher I have used 3 main models of communication;Read MoreNational Curriculum1563 Words   |  7 Pagesschools to ensure that teaching and learning is balanced and consistent.† The National Curriculum is thought by many to be complex and unclear. However, it is at the heart of the education system in England. This is noted by Baumann et al (1997) and Kyriacou (2009) who document that the basis for the National Curriculum was established in the Education Reform Act 1988; creating the idea that education must begin with the needs and interests of the child. The following model acknowledges how the NationalRead MoreNational Curriculum1550 Words   |  7 Pagesschools to ensure that teaching and learning is balanced and consistent.† The National Curriculum is thought by many to be complex and unclear. However, it is at the heart of the education system in England. This is noted by Baumann et al (1997) and Kyriacou (2009) who document that the basis for the National Curriculum was established in the Education Reform Act 1988; creating the idea that education must begin with the needs and interests of the child. The following model acknowledges how the

The Myers Briggs Personality Test - 1278 Words

We all are created equally yet we all uniquely different. Our culture, lifestyle, habits, family and life experiences shape us into who we are and why we do some of the things we do. With these differences in us, conflicts are bound to happen with any formed relationship we have between family and co-workers. I believe this is the reason, amongst others, why the Myers-Briggs personality test was created; to understand diversity and help us learn and become better individuals to the world at large. This paper evaluates the results of my Myers-Briggs test and how it applies in my personal life and career. Furthermore, I discuss what I have learned and how it it would benefit me in the future. ïÆ' ¼Needs work The Myers-Briggs personality test is designed to categorize human personality and behavior. Based on Carl Jung’s theory, Katherine C. Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs-Myers developed this process which includes 16 personality types to help people understand their psychological personality type (The Myers Briggs Foundation, 2016). Each personality type is represented by four letters, and the letters are indicators of which category of preference an individual fall into. Step I: The Result After taking the personality test, my result turned out to be ESFJ. ESFJ stands for Extravert, Sensing, Feeling and Judging respectively. This personality type is also known as â€Å"the caregivers† or â€Å"the providers.† Below is a summary of the test result. According to the test, †¢ IShow MoreRelatedThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1378 Words   |  6 PagesFor the Myers Briggs personality test I am an ISTP when I am stress and when I am at my best. I was surprised with these results due to the fact that my freshman year in the Harold Leadership Academy I was required to take the Myers Briggs assessment and scored the letters INFJ. I find myself leaning more towards INFJ because the test was at least seventy-five questions. When reading the definitions of ISTP and INFJ I find that I would agree with my personality having a little bit of both. The MyersRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1369 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper describes the results of the Myers-Briggs personality types of extravert, intuitive, thinking, and judging (ENTJ). These personality results identify potential careers and occupations, communication types, and partner compatibility information. The research will describe the validity of each personality trait and the characte ristics associated with the personality of ENTJ. Additionally, the research is beneficial for my career to gain an understanding of how I can apply my strengthsRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test768 Words   |  4 PagesLindsey Osbon Mrs. Brennan English II H - 6th 5 September 2014 Lindsey Madison Osbon: The Supervisor Who would have known that four letters can describe a person in complete detail! The Myers Briggs Personality Test can explain your own personality better than you ever thought you could. My personality falls under ESTJ, which stands for extraverted, sensing, thinking, judging. ESTJ s are usually hard workers that use logic and tradition to complete things efficiently while staying organizedRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test1343 Words   |  6 Pagesour personality type and temperament allows us to leverage our strengths and to recognize areas of weakness. This can also be extended to our interactions with others, so that we attempt to recognize the personality and temperaments of those around us, i.e. Typewatching, in order to facilitate more efficient and effective communication. In so doing, we can become better employees, managers, spouses, children, and, ultimately, for the Christian, more like Christ. The Myers-Briggs Personality TestRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Pe rsonality Test1478 Words   |  6 Pagesweek of class, we were asked to complete the Myers Briggs Personality test, and then to read up on our results. Once I had completed the typology â€Å"test†, I received my results in the form of four letters: INTJ, and afterwards, I decided to view what the four letters represented. 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Like all INTJs, Adams was stubborn and flouted the ideas of others that he did not agree with. By using my results from the Meyers Briggs personality test, I can examine how I react to certain things and use this to improve my Spirituality, my relationship with God, and ultimately my relationship with others throughRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Test2071 Words   |  9 PagesThe Myers-Briggs Personality Test is discussed in two steps. In Step 1, the results of my Myers-Briggs Personality test are discussed while going into detail about each letter. Real life examples are provided for context of each letter. The weaknesses of each letter are also discussed. In Step 2, the lessons learned about how it relates to organizational behavior and to my specific organization are discussed. Project 1: Myers-Briggs Personality Test Discussion The Myers-Brigg Typology test is designedRead MoreMyers Briggs Personality Test : Evaluation997 Words   |  4 Pagesweek’s assignment will focus on Myers-Briggs personality test, which will include results from the Jung typology test. I have learned that my Jung Typology results is a ENTJ which put me in the Executive type of leadership position. ENTJ I will discuss ENTJ personality as a whole and the meaning of each letter within the results. Finally I will touch up on what I have learned as a whole and how to improve myself within my organization. ENTJ ENTJ according to Myers-Briggs are naturally born leaders and

Puritan Society Of The Salem Witch Trials - 1793 Words

Puritan society was a utopia made of strict religious conduct and revolved around God s ultimate path and blessing. Anything that was believed to be sinful or was of material desires would be considered a sin, and later requires extensive prayer for God s forgiveness. Puritans believed that their philosophy would last forever, and it would never become under threat from both seen and unseen forces. Puritan society was formed in and around Massachusetts, and would become the basis of American society as we know it to be today. One place, in which Puritan philosophy was invaded with such unseen forces, dates back to Salem, Massachusetts in the late seventeenth century. This unseen force that invaded Puritan thought would become the basis†¦show more content†¦The nature imagery used expresses the flaws of Puritan thought and anxieties towards outside forces, both seen and unseen. Through his use of nature imagery and diction, the reader obtains a better understanding of such P uritan anxiety within the community as they try to maintain their utopian society from collapsing to these supernatural forces caused by an irritated and vengeful Devil. Nature imagery can turn an ordinary piece of literature into a vivid recollection of history. In Wonders of the Invisible World, nature plays a key role in discovering the hidden meaning being Puritan thought and doctrine, as well as aiding the reader to better understand why witchcraft become highly connected to many of their societal problems. This is evident in the very first lines; â€Å"The New Englanders are a people of God settled in those, which were once the devil’s territories†¦such a people here accomplishing the promise of old made unto our blessed Jesus, that He should have the utmost parts of the earth for His possession† (Mather 151). This is a very important passage because it quickly sets the tone for what is to come; that being that Puritans believed that until their colonies set tled, the land was under rule of the devil. This highlights that Puritans like Mather, were under the impression that any land not touched by Puritan doctrine was previously under devilish influences. Nature therefore explains that it is a God given right to the Puritans as a way to possess the

Intraracial Racism Essay - 1982 Words

Intraracial Racism Racism. African-Americans and â€Å"Whites†, African-Americans and Hispanics, Asian Americans and â€Å"Whites†, Asian Americans and Hispanics. Think of racism, and thoughts of clashes and conflicts between one of these ethnic groups and another predominate. The idea of racism is seldom associated with two groups of the same ethnicity. However, another type of racism exists, one not necessarily rooted in ethnic differences, but rather on cultural and demographic differences, as well as location and economic status. It is expressed between communities or sectors within a racial group, and works to further partition them. Intraracial racism fragments communities already struggling with interracial racism. Being internal†¦show more content†¦The discrimination from those living on the Island towards those now living in the US is a situation seldom discussed but nevertheless concrete. A possible cause for this attitude might lie in the North American stereotypical branding of all Puerto Ricans based on their views of such immigrants. Moreover, the overall change of environment over several decades generated key cultural differences that distanced the two groups. Additionally, immigrants in New York slowly experienced the process of acculturation, as they were inevitably exposed to different cultures in their e veryday lives. This contrasts to the situation experiences by Islanders, who remained mostly isolated and â€Å"protected† by their shores. For them, inter-cultural interactions were infrequent by comparison. The idea was explored in the creation of the popular musical West Side Story, which introduced the vibrant, colorful, and often explosive world of the Puerto Rican immigrant community in New York. One of the side plots of West Side Story was focused on the discontent of the Puerto Rican men. Disillusioned by the lure of the American Dream, holding third-rate jobs and employed for manual labor, these men are a contrast to the optimism and persistence of the Puerto Rican women, who, although aware of the difficulties facing Puerto Ricans in America, prefer to think of their current situation as the lesser evil. The memorable musical and dance number â€Å"America† isShow MoreRelatedThe Unequal Separation Of African Americans1453 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans but also homicide and violent trends. The American Journal of Public Health also concludes â€Å"Similarly, in the presence of other social conditions that induce violent behavior, high levels of isolation may be associa ted with high rates of intraracial (as opposed to interracial) homicide among the segregated group. Research evidence suggests the possibility that environmental hazards are more likely to be located in predominantly minority (poor) neighborhoods † (Garcia 219). Because of overcrowdedRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1372 Words   |  6 Pageseffects of systemic racism, is a very fitting lens through which one can evaluate this piece of literature. This school of thought serves as evidence for Walker s argument in Everyday Use that one cannot truly appreciate or identify with their African heritage until they confront and destroy their own personal dilemmas.      Critical Theories serve as a method to delve further into a specific subject matter. For instance, the Critical Race Theory examines the effects of systemic racism, in terms of stereotypingRead MoreThe Struggle For African American Liberation1242 Words   |  5 PagesPointing to the long-existing Brown decree that had hardly been enforced over the last ten years, Malcolm’s memorandum narrated some of the more recent hate crimes to illustrate that for many African Americans, as well as African visitors or residents, racism in the United States was rampant and often deadly. While Malcolm was in the process of developing a broader international network of cooperation and willing to forge closer connections to national civil rights organizations, most of these effortsRead MoreA Historical Framework For The Contemporary Racial Of Mexico2258 Words   |  10 Pagesspace due to intraracial segregation. Additionally, I will outline the static nature of Afro Mexican identity through an analysis of the popular cartoon Memin Penguin. I will explain how this stagnant representation of Mexican blackness isolates the Costa Chica of Guerrero from other spaces in Mexico. I will conclude by addressing why this topic is significant to my scholarship as a student and what I hope further scholarly investigation will uncover. Before I unpack social racism in Mexico, itRead MoreThe Perspectives Of Black Women And Girls Of Darker Skin1629 Words   |  7 Pagesunderneath the surface to explore the prejudices that dark-skinned women face throughout the world; it provided a deterministic philosophy in which causes determine effects or outcomes were examined. Additionally, it explored the roots of classism, racism and the lack of self-esteem within a segment of cultures that span from America to the most remote corners of the globe. Another aspect of the postpostivisim worldview was that dichotomy between Blacks and Whites has been extended into a stratificationRead MoreBrent Staples On Ethnicity And Gender950 Words   |  4 PagesCaucasians have some common misconceptions about African Americans, often assuming they are all criminals, even though Brent has clearly illustrated himself as â€Å"one of the good boys.† Grace Hsiang experienced a different form of discrimination called Intraracial discrimination. This type of stereotyping occurs within a culture or race. While Hsiang was in college she published a very informative article based on the discrimination inside the American Asian Community and its struggles. Hsiang believedRead More Crippin in Los Angeles Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesand it was not until the late 1940’s that the first gangs began. The gangs surfaced out the area known as the East Side, which is the area east of Main Street to Alameda. A lot of the gangs surfaced because of the racism perpetrated by the whites. There was clear segregation and racism against blacks, they were not allowed in certain areas of Los Angeles and could not buy property there. 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The white population commits the same crimes and the minorities, but the minorities are I totally agree with Marc Lamont Hill s views on the racism that still exists in the world. Minorities are unfairly targeted on a regular basis. Whether they are unfairly treated in the workplace,school systems, or by the police department, it seems to be getting worse every day. The recent rash of policeRead MoreSelf-Hatred and the Aesthetics of Beauty in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison1287 Words   |  6 PagesSelf-hatred leads to self-destruction†¦ Self-hatred is something that can thoroughly destroy an individual. As it was fictitiously evidenced in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, it can lead an individual to insanity. Toni Morrison raises the idea that racism and class can detrimentally influence people’s outlook on themselves. It is unfortunate that we live in a society that places such a great emphasis and consideration towards the aesthetics of beauty. What is more unfortunate is that beauty itself

Krystal D. Aaron Essay Example For Students

Krystal D. Aaron Essay 422-17-3246HY 201, section 2 April 4, 2004Martin Van Buren His Presidential Years1837 to 1841 picpicThe Eighth President of the United StatesIn the election of 1836, Van Buren won easily with 170 electoral votesagainst 73 for Harrison, 26 for White, 14 for Webster and 11 for Mangum. Inpopular votes Van Buren received a total of 764,176 votes compared to550,816 for Harrison, 146,107 for White and 41,201 for Webster. Major Issues of the Election of 1836Van Buren disagreed with Whig candidate William Henry Harrisonsrevenue-sharing scheme that would return federal surplus from the proceedsof federal lands directly back to the states. Harrison was willing torevive the Bank of the United States if the economy got out of control,while Van Buren opposed the Bank in all circumstances. While Harrisoncalled for a number of internal improvements, while Van Buren only intendedon federally funding projects that were truly national in scope. Van Burens major political opponents were: . William Henry Harrison (Whig) . Hugh Lawson White (Whig) . Daniel Webster (Whig) . Vice President: Richard Mentor Johnson (1780-1850) Martin Van Burens expertise as a political strategist which earned himthe name little magician was used to promote Andrew Jackson, but it wasof no use to him in furthering his own career as President. The mainproblem was the economic depression that persisted throughout most of hisadministration. He was further hampered by his taste for the finer thingsin life, which caused his critics to portray him as a dandy, indifferent tothe countrys sufferings. He was dubbed Martin Van Ruin for theseeconomic problems, even though they were already on the scene before hetook office. Almost at once a financial panic struck the nation. Bankers begged VanBuren for aid, but he pointed out that the crisis was due to ruinousspeculation. He insisted that government manipulation would only furtherweaken the economic structure. As a step to guard the nations own money,he repeatedly pressed Congress to set up an independent treasury. It wasvoted in 1840 but repealed in 1841. Van Buren attributed the Panic of 1837to the overexpansion of the credit and favored the independent treasury. In1840, he established a 10 hour day on public works. Van Buren also inherited from former president Jackson the SeminoleIndian War in Florida. The conflict, during which thousands of lives onboth sides were lost, cost the government between 40 and 60 milliondollars. Meanwhile Van Buren had to handle the undeclared Aroostook War, adispute between Maine and New Brunswick, Canada, over Maines northeastboundary on the Aroostook River. Maine called out troops in 1839, but VanBuren managed to have the quarrel settled by Britain and the United States. Van Burens calm approach to problems angered people who demanded quickaction. Despite heated public opinion he carefully weighed both sides ofany question. Today he is regarded as having been a sound statesman in atroubled era. Martin Van Buren was among the first American politicians tounderstand the role of political parties in a democracy. Before him,parties were viewed disdainfully as dangerous factions threatening theunity of society. The party competition of an earlier era, between theFederalists and Democrat Republicans, was barely tolerated, with those inpower tending to view the opposing party as traitors and often subjectingthem to persecution. Van Buren saw parties as salutary institutions withina working democracy, and as a New York state politician, he built the firstreal political party apparatus in the United States. The popular image of Andrew Jackson as the backwoods representative ofthe people was largely Van Burens invention, and Jacksons electoralvictories owed as much to Van Burens organizational skills as they did toJacksons charisma. In turn, Van Burens election in 1836 owed everythingto Jackson. Van Buren was Jacksons hand-picked successor, and he rode thatendorsement into office. But Jacksons reputation could not help Van Burensolve the economic depression that plagued his years in office. In the end,the genteel Van Buren became a victim of the very political techniques hehad developed for Jackson. In 1840 he was defeated for reelection by Whigcandidate William Henry Harrison, a backwoods Indian fighter who portrayedhimself (falsely) as a Jacksonian log-cabin and hard-cider representativeof the people. Memories of the financial crisis did not help him either. New England Patriarca Mafia EssayVan Buren was not in Washington when the affair broke; he wascampaigning in upstate New York. His cabinet therefore formulated theadministrations initial response: meeting in mid-September, they tookForsyths lead and arranged for federal authorities to support Spanishdemands that the slaves be returned to Cuba to face trial as murderers andpirates. Van Buren soon returned to the capital, but he seems to have paidlittle attention to the matter, letting Forsyth continue to handle thesituation. The president did not replace any judges in the case. But he didput federal attorneys on the case and he did sign off on an effort to havethe Africans shipped immediately to Cuba if the court found for theadministration, before any appeals could be filed. In sum, Van Buren wantedthis problem to go away, cleanly and quietly. From his point of view, thiswas not only a potential diplomatic crisis with Spain, but morefundamentally a slave revolt a dangerous provoca tion to southernersalready unsettled by the rise of northern abolitionism. The Trail of TearsThe major conflict of the Van Buren administration was the Trail ofTears march. The forced removal of some 18,000 Cherokees, most fromGeorgia, to the Indian Territory west of the Mississippi, was ordered byPresident Jackson, but executed during the term of President Van Buren. Though the removal was widely denounced by humanists and constitutionalexperts, and despite the Supreme Courts ruling that the Indians had thelegal right to remain at their ancestral homes, President Jackson orderedthe army, under the leadership of General Winfield Scott, to move theIndians out of Georgia; and when Van Buren came into power, he did notinterfere with this policy, despite its frequent criticism. During themarch, many Indians died of starvation, heat-induced diseases, and over-exposure to cold, leading Indians to name the long journey The Trail ofTearsThough Van Buren did not do anything about the forced march that hispredecessor had begun, he had the opportunity, the encouragement, and thepower to do so. Jackson had begun the march against the wishes of most ofhis colleges, and, even if it had been generally accepted that the marchwas a good and necessary thing, which it had not, Van Buren probably couldhave stopped it. However, by declining to take action, Van Buren a dvancedthe views of Jackson, while foregoing the will of the general public. Theother war Van Buren was involved in was the Indian War in 1835. TheSeminoles, who didnt want to move west, revolted with a force of 2,000Seminoles fighting a guerrilla war. The people did not support the war,because it drained funds that could be used on them. Martin Van Burens term as President was one full of many dilemmas anda lot of adversity, thus he was not re-elected. BibliographyMartin Van Buren, The autobiography of Martin Van Buren. (ed John C. Fitzpatrick). (New York,A.M. Kelley, 1969). Donald Cole, American National Biography; Dictionary of American Biography;Martin Van Buren and the American Political System. Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1984. Glyndon Van Deusen, Thurlow Weed: Wizard of the Lobby (Boston, 1947). Robert Remini, Martin Van Buren and the Making of the Democratic Party; NewYork: ColumbiaUniversity Press, 1959.pic

Directors in Rehearsal A Hidden World Essay Example For Students

Directors in Rehearsal: A Hidden World Essay Describing avant-garde theatre to uninitiated readers is a daunting task. Providing plot summary and character description is often of little use since so much experimental work lacks not only a linear narrative spine, but also psychologically coherent and analyzable characters. Even more daunting than reporting on a finished performance is the attempt to document its making. Having no conventional, printed play text with which to compare the rehearsal work, the observer must try to decipher a developmental process that typically seems involuted and confusing, and to imagine the often unarticulated goal toward which the director and actors are moving. In rehearsal, it is almost impossible to know which choices are inconsequential and which will prove decisive for the completed piece. Susan Letzler Coles Directors in Rehearsal.- A Hidden World is the result of four years of documenting the developmental processes of 10 eminent avant-gardists: Elinor Renfield, Maria Irene Fornes, Emily Mann, JoAnne Akalaitis, Elizabeth LeCompte, Richard Foreman, Robert Wilson, Liviu Ciulei, Peter Sellars and Lee Breuer. Most of these directors cut their teeth in the experimental theatre of the late 1960s and 70s, and remain committed to producing visionary, audacious, often controversial work. Eight of the ten are either playwrights themselves or noted adapters and arrangers of others words. As a result, Directors in Rehearsal is focused more on the making of alternative play texts and performances than on the staging of classic plays. Coles vignettes provide a fascinating look at the working methods of some of Americas most compelling theatre artists, and will be of enormous value to those hoping to understand how these figures exercise their highly individualized visions and styl es. Cole documents in considerable detail how the directors communicate with and coach actors, how they approach blocking and text work, how they deal with the physical elements of production and how they articulate their conceptions and goals. The book is dotted with statements by the directors that enhance and clarify ones understanding of their work: Robert Wilson uses painterly terms rather than a language of motivation when he coaches actors (deliver one line with a very |hot texture, the next line with a |cold texture'); Emily Mann insists that Execution of Justice is not the story of Dan White but a collective witnessing; Irene Fornes remarks that a character is rendered whole not by piling up details by keeping something mysterious and a little bit beyond our reach. Given Coles obvious sympathy for nonnaturalistic theatre, it is hardly surprising that her most compelling chapters focus on artists who challenge the Method and the conventions of psychological realism and who elaborate a mise-en-scene that does not simply and predictably illustrate a text. Especially noteworthy are her glimpses of Forness remarkable skill at fostering a kind of dynamic immobility in her actors, an active stillness, by urging them to find that hollow, that space inside you, that place where I am when I write; Akalaitiss fascination with the mechanical and the utilitarian, and her avoidance of interpretation during the early part of the rehearsal process; Wilsons coaching actors with kinetic rather than psychological language, and his technique of creating structure not through naturalistic dialogue but by postulating lines of force on the stage (like a diagram of a tennis match); and Breuers proficiency at splintering the title character of The Warrior Ant by using multiple impersonations: narrators, singers, dancers and puppets. Throughout the book, Cole attempts to play the part of the dispassionate observer and is disinclined to take a strong interpretive stand on any of the pieces. This strategy of presenting the material in a relatively unmediated way works with those directors who most rigorously articulate their goals and methods (Fornes, LeCompte, Wilson and Sellars), but the chapters dealing with other artists are weakened by the authors reluctance to provide conceptual frameworks. Too often an overview of the piece and of the directors strategies, if present at all, is reserved for the last page of a chapter rather than used as a way of helping the reader get a handle on some admittedly difficult and obscure theatre pieces. One feels at times abandoned by the author, unable to make sense of the myriad details she has faithfully recorded. .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6 , .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6 .postImageUrl , .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6 , .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6:hover , .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6:visited , .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6:active { border:0!important; } .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6:active , .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6 .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u86749b2e9145b32d1d20aa2a1e3a5db6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rick Fisher: over there, over here EssayA more serious problem, however, is Coles reticence to identify the directorial concepts of those three directors who are shown working on classic plays (Renfield, Fornes and Ciulei). Particularly disappointing is her approach to Forness brilliant and groundbreaking production of Uncle Vanya (which I saw). While Cole astutely analyzes its active stillness, she misreads Forness most striking and significant interpretive choice: Yelena, for once, was characterized not as a shallow coquette, as the instigator of male rivalry and emotional excess, but as a scapegoat an especially discerning character who is consistently disfigured by be ing made a screen on which Vanya, Astrov and Serebriakov project their own ambitious and inflated desires. Cole in passing notes Forness directorial disruptions of literalistic readings of the playtex, but fails to understand that the directors disruption is not an abstracted or willful trespass but an energetic challenge to the received cultural tradition, i.e., an important feminist rereading of Chekhov. Coles inattendance to the cultural or political resonances of directorial choices is particularly problematic given her subjects, almost all of whom are renowned for transgressive and polemical work. What is a reader to make of the extraordinary level of hostility generated by Foremans Birth of the Poet, or of Breuers reconceptualization of the solitary epic hero as a multiplicity of subjects? Only sporadically does Cole offer an interpretive guide. These inconsistencies Coles uneven attention to directorial concept, power dynamics in rehearsal, and the significance (cultural and otherwise) of directors choices prevents the book from being as incisive than comprehensive as it could be. Directors in Rehearsal too often reinforces the notion that the work of the avant-garde is hermetic and elitist more a mystical rite and a comprehensible social practice. Only intermittently does Cole seem to acknowledge that simply documenting rehearsal is not enough, and that the writer who would illuminate the process of making experimental theatre must, in effect, psychoanalyze the activities of director and actors, second guess their choices, and articulate that which they prefer would remain unspoken.

Top of Volcano Blown of in Blast! Essay Example For Students

Top of Volcano Blown of in Blast! Essay Top of Volcano Blown Off In Blast! 18/04/82 60 people were killed today when Mt. St Helens blew its top Mt. St Helens erupted two years ago today in a blast that caused the volcano to be reduced by 451 metres (1313 feet). The volcano is south-western Washington and is part of the Cascade Range. Mt. We will write a custom essay on Top of Volcano Blown of in Blast! specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now St Helens had been dormant since 1859 and has let off its first blast since then today. The volcano killed all life in an area of 180 sq. cm(70 sq. miles) including at least 60 people! The ash and dust spread much farther than this, of course. Today it is continuing to emit to emit dust and ash at intervals. Today a monument has been erected called the National Volcano Monument, in memory of this tragedy. How A Volcano is Formed A volcano is formed in this way: 1)Magma starts off below the crust. 2)Magma collects in chamber. 3) Pressure rises. 4) The pressure rises so high that the magma breaks through the crust and volcano erupts. Often volcanoes are cone shaped. You might ask: How do they get like that? This is the answer: When a volcano erupts many minerals and fragments are blown up, many falling in a circle around the volcano. As lava flows onto this it builds up around the volcano, so the volcano gets higher still. Each time the volcano erupts, more lava, minerals and fragments are emitted. Therefore every time a volcano erupts it erupts it gets taller, and some like Mt. St. Helens have even become tall enough to be classed a mountain. NB: This article originally contained pictures, elongating it and making it better presented. Aron Cohen,1991 Category: History .

Word Essay Sample on Why I Should Do a Mission Trip

Word Essay Sample on Why I Should Do a Mission TripIf you're a writer and an English major, it's time to turn your pencils into tablets. It's the time to get creative with your paper. These may be the most powerful ideas that will help your writing to reach higher levels.Your paper may begin with a Mission Trip for a reason. This idea can help you push your writing to the next level. Remember, writers like to think out of the box.When you think about something that is common, such as turning the brain to gold, then you might find the right reasons. Why not write a short story or even a novel that uses the power of writing? The answers are almost always right there waiting for you. You just have to find them.If you're still confused about what you want to do with your paper, a Mission Trip is one of the most creative ways to get your ideas across. This concept can easily be applied to any subject you care to think about.This Mission Trip idea can also help you have your ideas over a p eriod of time. When you think about what you would do if you were placed in a different country, then you can begin to imagine how you could influence that country.At this point, you can begin to write the entire article, but you have to think out of the box. This concept can help your writing to reach new heights.A Mission Trip may be the thing that will make you rethink what you've written. Remember, you have to know why you wrote the piece in the first place.

Free Essays on The Battle Of The Atlantic

The Battle of the Atlantic In the fall of 1931, the Atlantic Ocean was the boiling point of a criminal battle between the British and Germans. Most people think that the Battle of the Atlantic may have decided World War II’s outcome. This battle was the dominating factor throughout the war. The Battle of the Atlantic was a violent and destructive battle. Many people lost their lives fighting in this battle. New technology was one of the major factors in the Allies winning the long and crucial Battle of the Atlantic. Just the Beginning Immediately, the Battle of the Atlantic began when â€Å"the British announced a naval blockage of Germany† on September 3, 1939(â€Å"World War II† 391). Eight days later the Germans ordered a â€Å"counter-blockage† of the Allies(â€Å"World War II† 391). The Germans hoped to stop the shipments of war supplies and food to the countries of France and Britain. After only four months into the war, German U-boats, mines, airplanes, and surface raiders had destroyed more than 215 merchant ships and two of Britain’s largest warships. Over 1,500 people had been killed in this short time. â€Å"It was clear that despite the lull on land, a long war lay ahead on the world’s water† (Pitt 8). U-Boats Indeed, Hitler’s plan to defeat the Allies with U-boats was looking very good. For some unknown reason the Allied ships could not defend against the U-boats. With Hitler in control it looked like the Axis powers were going to drive the Allies out of the Atlantic and win the Battle of the Atlantic. With Hitler taking over most of England, and Great Britain trying to hold the Germans off, the United States decides to send war aid to Britain. The United States gave the British fifty old American destroyers (Von Der Porten 171). The Happy Time More important, the Allies needed to come up with an effective strategy. Organizing their cargo ships into convoys, or groups for mutual protection was th... Free Essays on The Battle Of The Atlantic Free Essays on The Battle Of The Atlantic The Battle of the Atlantic In the fall of 1931, the Atlantic Ocean was the boiling point of a criminal battle between the British and Germans. Most people think that the Battle of the Atlantic may have decided World War II’s outcome. This battle was the dominating factor throughout the war. The Battle of the Atlantic was a violent and destructive battle. Many people lost their lives fighting in this battle. New technology was one of the major factors in the Allies winning the long and crucial Battle of the Atlantic. Just the Beginning Immediately, the Battle of the Atlantic began when â€Å"the British announced a naval blockage of Germany† on September 3, 1939(â€Å"World War II† 391). Eight days later the Germans ordered a â€Å"counter-blockage† of the Allies(â€Å"World War II† 391). The Germans hoped to stop the shipments of war supplies and food to the countries of France and Britain. After only four months into the war, German U-boats, mines, airplanes, and surface raiders had destroyed more than 215 merchant ships and two of Britain’s largest warships. Over 1,500 people had been killed in this short time. â€Å"It was clear that despite the lull on land, a long war lay ahead on the world’s water† (Pitt 8). U-Boats Indeed, Hitler’s plan to defeat the Allies with U-boats was looking very good. For some unknown reason the Allied ships could not defend against the U-boats. With Hitler in control it looked like the Axis powers were going to drive the Allies out of the Atlantic and win the Battle of the Atlantic. With Hitler taking over most of England, and Great Britain trying to hold the Germans off, the United States decides to send war aid to Britain. The United States gave the British fifty old American destroyers (Von Der Porten 171). The Happy Time More important, the Allies needed to come up with an effective strategy. Organizing their cargo ships into convoys, or groups for mutual protection was th...

The technical procedures behind Peter Andrea's reality TV show on ITV Essay

The technical procedures behind Peter Andrea's reality TV show on ITV in the UK - Essay Example A cameraman,also known as camera operator,handles television cameras or films to record scenes for motion pictures,newscasts,live events and reality TV shows.As part of the camera crew,a cameraman works hand in hand with actors,reality show hosts,directors and other members of production team in making both technical and creative decisions As part of the camera crew, a cameraman works hand in hand with actors, reality show hosts, directors and other members of production team in making both technical and creative decisions. Basically, cameramen records events taking place for broadcasting purposes.They do so by using technical aspects of lenses, zooms, filters and other different aspects to capture scenes as per the required standards. In addition, it is the duty of a cameraman to test, clean and maintain the cameras. In this vein, they must critically analyse different potential challenges likely to be faced during filming and give advice to other members of the filming crew on the appropriate lighting, set-up and angles to set-up the cameras (Shepherd, St. John & Striphas, 2006). A cameraman can work in different settings including production studios, sports venues and television studios as well as in private events such as weddings. In this respect, the equipment used depends on the type of video being taken. For instance, filming live broadcast will mostly use stationary cameras while on the other hand recording involving motions that are recorded using track-mounted or crane mounted cameras to capture scenery and movement. Further, cameramen perform video editing using variety of computer programs. This means that those who wishes to venture into this career must be knowledgeable not only on electronic, media production and computer hardware, but also possess soft skills for different computer programs. They should also be efficient problem solvers, creative thinkers and with ability to evaluate details analytically. In this regards, this paper seeks to ex plore cameraman career in a reality TV show. Equipment To produce quality photography and films as a cameraman, latest high definition equipments are paramount. They should also be maintained to high standards. They include high definition camera for taking photographs and recording shows, and chimera sofbox for providing light. According to Livingstone (1990), Chimera sofbox is highly preferred due to its ability to generate beautiful soft light used to light presenters and interviewees. Other equipments include grip equipment for holding cameras, sound kit with two headsets for sound recording, additional lenses and a van in the event of transporting the equipment. Academic Training A bachelor’s degree is recommended for those wishing to venture in video and reality shows. Cameraman career can be achieved by pursuing a degree in video production that takes between two to four years. During this period, students are trained in-depth on sound and concept development, lighting , editing, storyboarding and more importantly motion graphics. In addition, the course covers video manipulation, basic editing, lighting and field production, sound for video and production management. Students can also train in use of software such as final cut Pro or Photoshop. Further, a student who wishes to further education can consider taking Bachelor of Arts in Television Production. Through this program, students will learn theory, history and basic forms of production. In addition, course work could include sound and picture editing, media research, broadcast news gathering, broadcast writing, visual design, advanced television production, media law and telecommunications management. Even though a cameraman requires some form of training; an individual interested in this career should be eager to learn more and with the right attitude towards the profession. In addition, a career as a cameraman requi

Planting and maintaining trees in tough sites Term Paper

Planting and maintaining trees in tough sites - Term Paper Example One of the main researches that were made by this field was the identification and recognition of the characteristics of land that make it tough for trees plantation. A number of characteristics have been identified that make a land a ‘tough site’. CHARACTERISTICS OF TOUGH SITES: 1. POORLY DRAINED SOIL: The drainage of the soil is the main category to consider the toughness of a site for plantation purposes. A site is said to contain well-drained soil if it is capable of draining column of water of 24-inch in 24 hours or less. A test for this purpose is conducted through digging a 24-inch deep hole in the land and filling it with water. It is then examined whether the water is drained in 24 hours or not. If the water is not fully drained even after 24 hours, the soil is deemed to be poorly drained. 2. DROUGHTY SOILS: The soil is said to be droughty soil if the drainage rate is very high and a 24-inch water column is drained in very few minutes. The content of organic mat ter is also very less in droughty soils, sometimes lesser than 1%. This can be calculated by a laboratory test. 3. ALKALINE SOIL: The alkalinity of soil is also considered to determine the toughness of a site. A soil with higher value of PH (PH>7.0) is considered to be alkaline. It is important to note here that most of the trees grow better in acidic soil with PH

Union Membership Essay Example for Free

Union Membership Essay With great attention being placed on medication safety and reduction of healthcare costs, involvement of information technology in health care is increasing (Kuperman Gibson, 2003). Examples of this so-called patient care information systems are order entry systems, medical records systems, radiology information systems and patient information systems with Computerized Provider Order Entry, or Computer Physician Order Entry, (CPOE) receiving valuable attention (Ash, Berg, Coiera, 2004). Thus, this paper will be focused on CPOE as an emerging health care technology. CPOE, as defined by (Campbvell et al. , 2006), is: †¦the process by which physicians or their surrogates (but not intermediaries) directly enter medical orders into a computer application (p. 547). With this transformation from handwriting orders into encoding them into the computer, CPOE is seen as an important platform for the enhancement of health care delivery (Gibson Kuperman, 2003). Gibson and Kuperman (2003) have noted the positive outcomes of CPOE in the following areas: a) preventive care measures; b) compliance with drug monitoring; c) laboratory test ordering; d) radiologic test ordering; e) medication error reduction; f) decrease length of hospital stay; g) time-saving communication with the healthcare team; h) standardization of practice; i) clinical decision support; and, j) storage of data for management, quality, and research monitoring. Thus, CPOE is seen as the ticket for the avoidance of underuse, misuse, and overuse of health care (Gibson Kuperman, 2003) with endorsements from the Leapfrog Group as being an important leap for health care quality (Gibson Kuperman, 2003). Yet, as in any other technology, the complexity, advanced features, and high demands of CPOE can lead to consequences that are unintentional (Campbell et al. , 2006). Though CPOE also bears positive and beneficial UC’s, the alarming negative consequences which affects the healthcare, especially that of nursing services, will be the focus of this study with the aim of presenting the adverse UC’s of using such an emerging health care technology. CPOE: NOT ALL GOOD Campbell and colleagues (2006) conducted a study that pointed out to 9 different unintended consequences of CPOE to healthcare. In decreasing frequency, these UC’s are: a) more/new work for clinicians; b) workflow issues; c) never ending system demands; d) paper persistence; e) changes in communication patterns and practices; f) negative emotions; g) new kinds of errors; h) changes in the power structure; and i) overdependence on technology (p. 549). (See table 1). Among these UC’s, others affect the medical professionals or the healthcare organizations only while some encompasses its effect on nursing services. Since this paper is focused on the UC’s that affect the clinical nursing care, focus is given on the following UC’s of CPOE: a) workflow issues; and, b) changes in communication patterns and practices. Workflow Issues Clinical workflows are complex thereby necessitating dynamism (Campbell et al. 2006). With traditional health care workflows, steps are more adaptable and include a variety of checks and balances, interventions and exceptions (Campbell et al. , 2006). These consist of several concurrent and asynchronous steps that could adjust, cease, or intervene in the processing of medical orders (Campbell et al. , 2006). CPOE, as evidenced by the study of Campbell et al. , (2006), abolish these multiple interdependent steps resulting in lesser procedure reviews and greater potential hardships. CPOE has clinical ordering processes that follow predictable steps where the doctor encodes and order, the system delivers it to the rightful destination, the order is processed, and the request is acted upon (Campbell et al. , 2006). But then, this rigid adaptation of hospital procedures is different from what occurs in the real setting (Campbell et al. , 2006). In actual practice, simultaneous actions on wide dimensions like assessing patients, carrying out orders, and responding to emergencies, require flexibility by healthcare providers especially that of nurses (Ash, Berg, Coiera, 2004). As Campbell et al. (2006) note, nurses are with good experiences are able to blend orders as necessary. Ash, Berg, and Coiera (2004) agrees to this by stating that in everyday health care work, experienced nurses are more often knowledgeable about medications than many other junior physicians who populate the ward. With the strict implementation of rules by CPOE, this flexibility of nurses especially in areas of emergency care and â€Å"stat† actions are disregarded and are not permitted (Campbell et al. , 2006). This is in favor of quality and management control, but has great risks for health care provision (Campbell et al. , 2006). This shows CPOE’s failure to support individual role players and work-shifting in the health care area that may lead to ineffective work activity synchronizations (Capmbell et al. , 2006). As such, this lack of support for the highly flexible and fluid ways of real life clinical workflow is burdensome for medical and nursing professionals (Ash, Berg, Coiera, 2004). Changes in Communication Patterns and Practices Health care professionals are connected by sharing professional opinions and needs through noting progress and conducting referrals (Ash, Berg, Coiera, 2004). CPOE alters this traditional pattern by replacing previously interpersonal conversations regarding provision of care with a computer system that creates problems in the clinical care work (Campbell et al. , 2006). By communicating only through the computer, physicians are provided with an â€Å"illusion of communication† by believing that entry of an order into the system guarantees that proper people will receive it and take appropriate actions (Campbell et al. , 2006). This places the blame on nurses for non-carrying out of orders as they are expected to have performed it (Campbell et al. , 2006). But with a fast-paced work in wards and special areas, nurses are more often on bedside care rather than facing the computer resulting in delayed notification of new orders, or worse non-information at all (Campbell et al. , 2006). Also, the time that elapsed from the physician seeing the patient and encoding the order may take precious moments that may consist of changes in the status of the patient’s condition (Campbell et al. , 2006). This results in untimely orders received by nurses, who are the implementers of such encoded orders. Communication also involves more than transferring information. More importantly, it is about evaluating the person’s reception and understanding of the situation and the willingness to intervene on that information through feedbacks (Ash, Berg, Coiera, 2004). With face-to-face conversations by doctors and nurses, timely feedbacks are given by each resulting to more appropriate interventions (Campbell et al. , 2006). With CPOE, the lessened feedback leads to orders missed, diagnostic tests delayed, and medications not given at all because timely feedbacks have not been exchanged (Ash, Berg, Coiera, 2004). This disregard for interpersonal communications by CPOE can be troublesome for the clinical work. With a reduction in face-to-face communications, errors due to miscommunications, delayed actions, and fewer team-wide discussions may result (Campbell et al. , 2006). CONCLUSION With the complexity and imperfections of human operations, even emerging technologies with good intentions are expected to have, in one way or the other, unintended consequences. In the light of CPOE’s, though intentions are directed towards improving safety and quality of health care, some effects result as this new technology is embraced by healthcare practice that has long survived without the use of such. As it affects aspects of healthcare, nurses, who implement most of the orders entered by doctors through CPOE’s, are also affected. As CPOE disrupts the conventional health care workflow, it also changes the flexible roles of nurses and care providers in terms of clinical work and responsibilities. In the light of CPOE changing interpersonal communication practices, the traditional face-to-face interactions are lessened thereby leading to poor coordination among nurses and physicians and other ancillary care providers. Thus, with the promise benefits of CPOE, a clear review of the already known and possible unintended consequences to health and nursing care must be made if CPOE is to be imposed in health settings. By doing so, preparations for these effects may be made leading to a more enjoyment of CPOE good effects rather than suffering from its adverse unintended consequences. References Ash, J. S. , Berg, M. , Coiera, E. (2004). Some unintended consequences of information technology in health care: The nature of patient care information system-related errors. Journal of the American Medical Infromatics Association, 11, 104-112. Campbell, E. M. , Sittig, D. F. , Ash, J. S. , Guappone, K. P. , Dykstra, R. H. (2006). Types of unintended consequences related to Computerized Provider Order Entry. Journal of the American Medical Infromatics Association, 13 (5), 547-556. Coyne, C. J. (2008). Unintended consequences. In: Fortier, J. (Ed. ), Key concepts in free markets: Executive summaries in the History and theory of free market economics, 115-138. Vancouver, BC: The Fraser Institute. Kuperman, G. J. Gibson, R. F. (2003). Computer physician order entry: Benefits, costs, and issues. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139, 31-39. Merton K. (1936). The unanticipated consequences of purposive social action. American Sociological Review, 1, 894-904. MSN Encarta (2008). Side effect. Retrieved October 23, 2008, from http://encarta. msn. com/dictionary_/side%2520effects. html Spratto, G. R. Woods, A. L. (2008). PDR Nurse’s Drug Handbook, vii-xvii. United States: Thomson Delmar Learning.